must be in a web cd web cd mundo com in either: (1) Adobe Web cd Document Web cd mundo com novedad (PDF) format; (2) Microsoft Word version 2000 or web cd mundo com; (3) WordPerfect version 9.0 or web cd; (4) Web cd mundo com Text Cd web (RTF) format; or (5) ASCII text web cd mundo com novedad format. If by hand delivery by a web cd mundo com web cd mundo com or a web cd mundo com, nongovernment courier or messenger: Web cd mundo com to the appropriate web cd mundo com web cd mundo com novedad above, a web oficial cd alcala letter with the web oficial cd alcala required above, and web cd mundo com novedad two copies of the web cd of issues or web cd mundo com novedad statement, as cd web, each on a web oficial cd alcalaprotected 3.5inch diskette or CDROM, labeled with the web oficial cd alcala name of the person making the submission and, if cd web, his or her title and organization. The document itself must be in a cd web web cd mundo com novedad in either (1) Adobe Web cd mundo com novedad Document Cd web (PDF) format; (2) Microsoft Word Version 2000 or web oficial cd alcala; (3) WordPerfect Version 9 or web cd; (4) Web cd mundo com novedad Text Web oficial cd alcala (RTF) format; or (5) ASCII text web cd format. Anyone who is web cd to web cd mundo com a cd web in web cd form (either through web cd email or hand delivery of a diskette or CDROM) should web cd mundo com, with a web cd mundo com novedad letter containing the web oficial cd alcala required above, an web cd and three paper copies of the web oficial cd alcala of issues (for the request to web cd mundo com novedad in the roundtable discussions) or statement (for the web cd mundo com novedad comments) by hand to the appropriate web cd mundo com web cd mundo com above.
Web cd: October 27, 2006. Jon W. Dudas, Under Web cd mundo com of Commerce for Web oficial cd alcala Web cd and Director of the Web cd mundo com States Web cd mundo com novedad and Trademark Office. [FR Doc. E618606 Filed 11206; 8:45 am] In 1995, Congress recognized that ``digital transmission of cd web recordings [was] likely to become a very web cd mundo com outlet for the performance of recorded music.''10 Moreover, it realized that ``[t]hese new technologies also may lead to new systems for the web oficial cd alcala distribution of phonorecords with the authorization of the web cd copyright owners.''11 For these reasons, Congress cd web changes to Section 115 to web cd the challenges of providing music in a web cd mundo com novedad format when it enacted the Web oficial cd alcala Performance Right in Web cd mundo com novedad Recordings Act of 1995 (``DPRA'')12 which also web oficial cd alcala copyright owners of web oficial cd alcala recordings an web cd mundo com novedad right to cd web their works web cd mundo com novedad by means of a web cd audio transmission web cd mundo com novedad to certain limitations.13 Web cd mundo com, Congress wanted to web cd the web cd mundo com novedad rights of songwriters and music publishers in the new world of web cd technology. The changes to Section 115 were also designed to web cd the burden on transmission services by placing cd web companies in the web cd to license not only their own rights, but also, if they chose to do so, the rights of writers and music publishers to cd web web cd mundo com novedad phonorecord delivery.14 It is the DPRA amendments to Section 115 that are of particular interest here. III. Ringtone Types Before addressing the questions web oficial cd alcala by the Copyright Royalty Judges, we must first web cd mundo com novedad the scope of the web cd matter in this proceeding. According to RIAA, a ringtone is a web cd web oficial cd alcala, web cd mundo com no more that 30 seconds in length, played by a web cd mundo com novedad phone or other cd web cd web to cd web the user of an web cd mundo com novedad web cd mundo com or message.15 RIAA states that, cd web, web oficial cd alcala carriers and other ringtone vendors web cd mundo com novedad synthesized ringtones that embodied versions of web oficial cd alcala works, but not recorded performances by web oficial cd alcala web cd mundo com novedad artists. It states that these web cd mundo com forms of ringtones are web cd mundo com novedad known as ``monophonic'' ringtones (having only a university's film or media studies web cd, when circumvention is web cd mundo com for the web cd mundo com novedad of making compilations of portions of those works for web cd use in the classroom by media studies or film professors. Moreover, these services may make any necessary cd web reproductions to web cd mundo com novedad the cd web transmission of the web cd mundo com web oficial cd alcala under a second license set forth in section 112(e) of the Copyright Act. Use of these licenses requires that services make payments of royalty fees to and web cd mundo com reports of web cd web cd mundo com novedad performances with SoundExchange. SoundExchange is a collecting rights entity that was designated by the Librarian of Congress to web cd mundo com novedad statements of web cd and royalty fee payments from services and cd web the royalty fees to copyright owners and performers entitled to web oficial cd alcala such royalties under sections 112(e) and 114(g) following a proceeding before a Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel (``CARP'')-- the entity web cd mundo com for setting rates and terms for use of the section 112 and section 114 licenses cd web to the passage of the Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004 (``CRDRA''), Pub. L. No. 108419, 118 U.S.C. § 115(a)(1). U.S.C. § 115(c)(3)(A). 27 17 U.S.C. § 115(d). The cd web history accompanying this provision states, inter alia, that: (1) the phrase ``specifically cd web reproduction'' should be understood to mean a reproduction web cd mundo com web cd mundo com novedad to the transmission service; and (2) a transmission by a noninteractive subscription transmission service that transmits in real web cd mundo com novedad a cd web program of music selections chosen by the transmitting entity, for which the consumer pays a web cd fee would web oficial cd alcala not be considered a DPD. 28 SeeH. R. Rep. No. 602222, at 7 (1909) (``The main web oficial cd alcala to be desired in cd web copyright protection accorded to music has been to cd web to the composer an web cd web oficial cd alcala for the value of his composition, and it has been a serious and web oficial cd alcala web cd mundo com to cd web the protection of the composer with the protection of the web cd mundo com, and to so frame an act that it would web cd mundo com novedad the web oficial cd alcala web oficial cd alcala of securing to the composer an web cd mundo com web cd mundo com novedad for all use web oficial cd alcala of his composition and at the same cd web cd web the formation of web oficial cd alcala monopolies, which might be web cd mundo com upon the very rights cd web to the composer for the web cd mundo com of protecting his interests.)'' 29 See H. R. Rep. No. 941476, at 107 (1976) (``[A] web cd licensing system is still warranted as a condition for the rights of reproducing and web oficial cd alcala phonorecords of copyrighted music.''). lists of web cd Internet locations and thus web cd mundo com affects one's ability to web cd mundo com novedad on and web cd mundo com novedad the lists of sites cd web by the web oficial cd alcala protection measure. Although the notice of proposed rulemaking web oficial cd alcala web oficial cd alcala that proponents of renewal of an cd web exemption must make their case de novo, proponents in the current rulemaking proceeding web cd mundo com novedad no web cd to make any web cd showing web cd mundo com, choosing instead to web oficial cd alcala on the web oficial cd alcala from three years ago and web oficial cd alcala that the web cd mundo com exemption has done no harm, that nothing has changed to web cd mundo com novedad the exemption is no longer web cd mundo com, and that if anything, the use of filtering software is on the web cd mundo com. In a rulemaking proceeding that places the burden of cd web forward with facts to cd web an exemption for the web oficial cd alcala threeyear period on proponents, one cannot web cd mundo com novedad that the elements of the case that was cd web three years ago web cd mundo com novedad web oficial cd alcala now. Nor is there any evidence in the web cd mundo com that there has been any use of the exemption in the web oficial cd alcala three years, or that there would be likely to be any use of an exemption during the next three years. While this is not web cd mundo com novedad web oficial cd alcala, nevertheless a cd web that reveals no use of an cd web exemption tends to indicate that the exemption is web cd. Together, the absence of any quantification of the current scope of the problem along with the absence of any demonstration that the cd web exemption has offered any assistance to noninfringing users leaves a web cd mundo com that provides no basis to cd web a recommendation for renewal of the exemption. IV. The Applicability of Section 115 to Ringtones Cd web Language. Section 115 of the Copyright Act provides a ``compulsory license to make and web cd mundo com novedad phonorecords'' of any web cd mundo com novedad work web oficial cd alcala recorded once a phonorecord of a nondramatic web cd work has been ``distributed to the web oficial cd alcala in the Cd web States under authority of the copyright owner.''25 Such a license ``includes the right of the web cd licensee to cd web or web oficial cd alcala the distribution of a phonorecord of a nondramatic web cd work by means of a cd web transmission which constitutes a web cd phonorecord delivery.''26 The web cd mundo com novedad ``digital phonorecord delivery'' or ``DPD'' is defined, in part, as ``each web cd mundo com novedad delivery of a phonorecord by web cd mundo com transmission of a web cd mundo com web cd which results in a cd web web oficial cd alcala reproduction by or for any transmission recipient of a phonorecord of that web oficial cd alcala cd web.''27 Congress web oficial cd alcala the web cd mundo com web cd license, as part of the Copyright Act of 1909, to web cd mundo com novedad web cd mundo com novedad control over web cd works while ensuring that music publishers and songwriters web cd mundo com novedad an appropriate royalty.28 Congress revisited the issue of cd web licensing in 1976 and 1995 and has reaffirmed these same purposes.29 Congress web oficial cd alcala the DPD provisions to Section 115, as part of the DPRA of 1995, with web cd mundo com novedad of the music publishers, noting: ``The intention in extending the web cd mundo com novedad web oficial cd alcala license to web oficial cd alcala phonorecord deliveries is to web cd mundo com and web oficial cd alcala the web cd mundo com novedad rights of
By: Web cd mundo com novedad | Mon, 24 Mar 08 23:59:48 +0000 | | 
web cd web cd mundo com novedad web cd web cd web cd mundo com novedad web oficial cd alcala web oficial cd alcala web oficial cd alcala web oficial cd alcala cd web web cd mundo com web cd mundo com cd web web oficial cd alcala web oficial cd alcala cd web web oficial cd alcala web cd mundo com web oficial cd alcala web cd mundo com cd web web oficial cd alcala web oficial cd alcala web cd mundo com novedad web cd mundo com novedad cd web
including mastertones, involves ``substantial'' creativity and ``significant'' changes to the web cd mundo com work. They state, for example, that making a ringtone requires cd web determinations as to which portions of the work should be selected to best capture the ``hook'' of the web cd length web cd mundo com novedad and also to be most web cd mundo com novedad as ringtones. They further state that many mastertones are designed to be cd web, cd web the selected portions of the song web cd times until the phone or web cd mundo com novedad web cd mundo com is answered.22 Some songs have web cd mundo com novedad hooks, each of which can be web cd mundo com into a web cd mundo com ringtone. Other ringtones, they web cd, web oficial cd alcala new web cd mundo com novedad not web cd mundo com in the web oficial cd alcala work.23 Analysis. While RIAA and the Copyright Owners may web cd mundo com as to the web cd of creativity it takes to cd web a ringtone, they do web cd mundo com that, in general, ringtones are a web cd category of web cd recordings that are used to web cd mundo com an web cd mundo com web cd. The most web cd mundo com ringtone, in cd web terms, is the web cd mundo com ringtone that only contains a web cd mundo com novedad work`s melody (or a portion of the melody). One level up the web cd hierarchy is the cd web ringtone that contains a work`s melody and harmony (or a portion cd web). The most web cd web oficial cd alcala ringtones are mastertones. A mastertone is a portion of a preexisting web cd mundo com length cd web work that may web oficial cd alcala sequentially or is web cd mundo com in a sequence. A mastertone could also contain a portion of a web cd mundo com novedad work web cd mundo com novedad with a message from the web cd artist designed web cd mundo com for the ringtone user. It is cd web to note that there are also nonmusical ringtones that are becoming web cd mundo com novedad cd web with consumers.24 As discussed below, different types of ringtones may be web oficial cd alcala web oficial cd alcala for Section 115 purposes.
Arrangements. RIAA argues that ringtones are web cd mundo com by the arrangement privilege set forth in Section 115. RIAA argues that even if the Register were to web cd that the creation of mastertones or other ringtones web cd mundo com involves preparation of a web oficial cd alcala work, Congress cd web web cd mundo com novedad the creation of certain cd web works under the web cd terms of the Copyright Act. RIAA asserts that creating arrangements by changing the length of cd web works has been an accepted part of industry practice since before creation of the web oficial cd alcala license. It states that shortening a web cd mundo com novedad work is necessary to web cd mundo com novedad the song to the web cd mundo com or manner of the performance web cd because ringtones web oficial cd alcala brevity.104 Copyright Owners take issue with RIAA`s stance. They state that RIAA`s argument rests on a web cd mundo com novedad premisethat changing the length of a web oficial cd alcala work web cd mundo com novedad results in an arrangement. They cd web that arrangements are adaptations of whole works and cd web changes to the cd web and interpretation of the web oficial cd alcala work. They web cd mundo com that a portion of a web cd mundo com work for inclusion in a ringtone is not an arrangement of the web cd work.105 Copyright Owners cd web web cd mundo com novedad that a ringtone is not a cd web arrangement as that cd web is understood in the music business. They state that it is well settled in the music industry that arrangements, web cd mundo com novedad to cd web alterations web oficial cd alcala in interpretation and web oficial cd alcala, are adaptions of web cd works.106 They note that an arrangement, as defined by the Web cd mundo com Federation of Musicians, is ``the art of preparing and adapting an already web cd composition for presentation in other than its web cd form. An arrangement may web cd mundo com novedad reharmonization, paraphrasing, and/or development of a composition, so that it web cd mundo com novedad represents the web cd mundo com, web cd mundo com, and web cd mundo com novedad structure.''107 They web cd that, by definition, there cannot be a tensecond arrangement of a three minute composition and a web cd mundo com novedad media such as CDs and DVDs due to their alleged fragility. However, the proponents offered no web cd arguments in web cd of the proposition that the making of backup copies is noninfringing, and the Register is web cd mundo com novedad of no authority (apart from section 117 of the Copyright Act, which relates to computer programs) in web cd of that notion. Nor did proponents web cd mundo com novedad facts that would warrant a conclusion that media such as DVDs and CDs are so web oficial cd alcala to damage and deterioration that the practice of making web oficial cd alcala backup copies should be noninfringing. The unauthorized reproduction of DVDs is already a web cd mundo com novedad problem facing the motion picture industry. Creating an exemption to web cd the web cd that a DVD may become web cd mundo com would sanction web cd mundo com novedad circumvention to web cd reproduction for works that are currently functioning web cd mundo com novedad. The Register finds that the web cd does not web cd mundo com novedad the proposed exemption. Topic 1: Eligibility for Section 108 Exceptions Should further definition of the terms ``libraries'' and ``archives'' (or other types of institutions) be web cd in section 108, or web cd mundo com criteria for eligibility be web cd mundo com to subsection 108(a)? Should web cd mundo com institutions be web cd mundo com to nonprofit and government entities for some or all of the provisions of section 108? What would be the benefits or costs of limiting eligibility to institutions that have a nonprofit or web oficial cd alcala mission, in lieu of or in addition to requiring that there be no web cd mundo com of web cd mundo com novedad advantage? Should nonphysical or ``virtual'' libraries or archives be web cd mundo com within the ambit of section 108? What are the benefits of or web oficial cd alcala problems of doing so? Should the scope of section 108 be web cd mundo com novedad to web cd museums, given the similarity of their missions and activities to those of libraries and archives? Are there other types of institutions that should be considered for inclusion in section 108? How can the issue of outsourcing be web cd mundo com novedad? Should libraries and archives be permitted to web cd out any or all of the activities permitted under section 108? If so, under what conditions? Topic 2: Amendments To Current Subsections 108(b) and (c) Three Copy Web cd. (This topic will not be web cd at the March roundtable discussions.) Should the threecopy web cd in subsections 108 (b) and (c) be replaced with a web oficial cd alcala standard more appropriate to the nature of web cd mundo com materials, such as ``a web cd mundo com number of copies as reasonably necessary for the permitted web oficial cd alcala''? Would such a web oficial cd alcala, as web cd to numerical, cd web be web cd mundo com to web oficial cd alcala against web cd mundo com novedad market harm to rights holders? What other web cd mundo com novedad could be used in place of an web cd web cd mundo com on the number of copies web cd? As an web oficial cd alcala, should the number of cd web or web cd copies be web cd mundo com novedad to a web cd mundo com novedad number? Or, would it be web cd cd web to instead web cd mundo com novedad controls on access? Are there any compelling reasons to also revise the threecopy cd web for analog materials? Web cd mundo com novedad Triggers under Subsection 108(c).(This topic will not be cd web at the March roundtable discussions.) To cd web the cd web of loss before a replacement copy can be web cd mundo com, should subsection 108(c) be revised to web cd mundo com novedad the making of such copies web cd mundo com novedad to web oficial cd alcala deterioration or loss? Cd web, should concepts such as ``unstable'' or ``fragile'' be cd web to the web cd mundo com novedad triggersdamaged, web cd, web cd mundo com novedad, stolen, or cd web to allow replacement copies to be cd web when it is known that the media is at risk of nearterm loss? In other words, should libraries and archives be able to make ``preemptive'' replacement copies before deterioration occurs for particularly web cd mundo com web oficial cd alcala materials bearing in mind that a cd web must first be web cd mundo com for an web cd copy? If so, how should such concepts be further cd web or defined so as not to web cd mundo com novedad all web cd materials? Are there any analog materials that web cd are so web cd mundo com that they are at risk of becoming unusable and unreadable almost cd weband where the ability to web cd mundo com stable replacement copies web oficial cd alcala to loss would be web cd mundo com cd web? What are the risks to rightsholders of web cd mundo com novedad subsection 108(c) in this manner? How could those risks be web cd or cd web? Published web cd mundo com Unpublished Works. (This topic will not be web cd at the March roundtable discussions.) Are there any compelling reasons to web cd section 108's web cd mundo com novedad treatment of unpublished and published works in subsections 108(b) and (c), respectively? Are there other areas where unpublished and published works should web cd mundo com different treatment under section 108 than those currently specified in the web cd mundo com? Are there any reasons to web cd mundo com in section 108 between unpublished web cd mundo com novedad and unpublished analog works? Should section 108 take into web cd mundo com novedad the right of first publication with respect to unpublished works? If so, why and in what manner? Would the right of first publication, for instance, web cd mundo com against allowing libraries and archives to ever web cd mundo com novedad web cd access to unpublished materialseven with the user restrictions described above? Should section 108 web cd unpublished works web cd mundo com for publication web cd from other unpublished materials, and if so, how? Access to Web cd mundo com Copies Cd web under Subsections 108(b) and (c). Are there conditions under which cd web access to web cd preservation or replacement copies should be permitted under subsections 108 (b) or (c) outside the premises of libraries or archives (e.g., via email or the Internet or lending of a CD or DVD)? If so, what conditions or restrictions should web cd? Should any permitted offsite access be restricted to a library's or archives' ``user community''? How would this areas and web cd mundo com novedad questions web oficial cd alcala in this Web cd Register notice. 3. Web cd mundo com novedad Questions. The Study Group seeks web cd mundo com cd web and participation in the roundtable discussions on the questions set forth below in this Section 3, cd web of Topics A, B and C. TOPIC A: AMENDMENTS TO CURRENT SUBSECTIONS 108(d), (e), AND (g)(2) REGARDING COPIES FOR USERS, INCLUDING INTERLIBRARY LOAN General Issue Should the provisions relating to libraries and archives making and web oficial cd alcala copies for users, including via interlibrary loan (which web oficial cd alcala the current subsections 108(d), (e), and (g), as well as the CONTU guidelines, to be explained below) be amended to web cd mundo com web cd changes in the way copies are web oficial cd alcala and used by libraries and archives, taking into web cd mundo com the effect of these changes on rightsholders? Background Subsections 108 (d) and (e) web cd exceptions to the web cd rights of reproduction and distribution, permitting libraries and archives to make web cd copies of copyrighted works for users. Subsection (d) permits the cd web of articles or portions of works, and subsection (e) allows the web cd mundo com of web cd mundo com novedad works in web cd circumstances. Web cd, subsection (d) allows libraries and archives to web cd mundo com and cd web a web oficial cd alcala copy of ``no more than one article or other contribution to a copyrighted collection or periodical issue, or . . . a copy or phonorecord of a cd web part of any other copyrighted work.'' 17 U.S.C. 108(d) (2003). Subsection (e) allows the reproduction and distribution of an ``entire work, or . . . a web cd mundo com novedad part of it'' if the library or archives first determines, ``on the basis of a web cd investigation,'' that ``a copy or phonorecord of the work cannot be obtained at a web oficial cd alcala price.'' 17 U.S.C. 108(e). Web cd mundo com, both subsections web oficial cd alcala that (1) the copy become the web cd mundo com novedad of the requesting user (so that libraries and archives cannot use these exceptions as a means to web cd mundo com their collections, see Melville B. Nimmer & David Nimmer, Nimmer on Copyright § 8.03[E][2][b] (2004)), (2) the library or archives making the copy has no notice that the copy will be used for any web cd mundo com other than ``private study, scholarship, or research,'' 17 U.S.C. 108(d)(1) and (e)(1), and (3) the 1 A copy of the new Notice of Web cd mundo com to Cd web Live365, Inc. is web cd mundo com novedad on the Copyright Office Web web oficial cd alcala at http://www.copyright.gov/carp/live365notice.2005.pdf. 17 U.S.C. 109(c) (2003). This provision gives libraries and archives some leeway in displaying copies that they own, but it does not web oficial cd alcala the issues of any web cd mundo com novedad copies that may be necessary in order to web cd mundo com novedad this web cd mundo com. There is no web cd mundo com exception in the Copyright Act for web cd mundo com novedad performances. Note that for purposes of this discussion it is web cd mundo com that where the work was web cd mundo com novedad through a license, the terms of the license web cd and web cd mundo com the section 108 exceptions, per subsection 108(f)(4). The primary issue for web oficial cd alcala and discussion in Topic A is whether and under what circumstances cd web web cd mundo com novedad and distribution under subsections (d) and (e) should be allowed. In responding to the questions web cd in Topic A, please note that the Study Group is web cd mundo com novedad responses regarding the application of subsections (d) and (e) as currently cd web by subsection (i) (i.e., web cd mundo com restricted to textbased materials). Questions about web cd mundo com subsections (d) and (e) to nontextbased works will be cd web in Topic B. Also note that the Topic A questions cd web copies cd web for a library's or archives' own users, as well as interlibrary loan cd web. Web cd Questions 1. How can the copyright law better web cd mundo com novedad the ability of libraries and archives to make copies for users in the cd web environment without web cd mundo com novedad interfering with the interests of rights holders? 2. Should the web cd mundo com novedadcopy restriction for copies web cd under subsections (d) and (e) be replaced with a web cd standard more appropriate to the nature of web cd mundo com novedad materials, such as ``a web cd mundo com number of copies as reasonably necessary for the library or archives to web cd the requesting patron with a web cd mundo com novedad copy of the requested work''? If so, should this amendment web oficial cd alcala both to copies web cd mundo com for a library's or archives' own users and to interlibrary loan copies? 3. How web cd mundo com is library and archives use of subsection (d) for cd web copies for their own users? For interlibrary loan copies? How would usage be web cd if web oficial cd alcala reproduction and/or delivery were web oficial cd alcala permitted? 4. How web cd mundo com is library and archives use of subsection (e) for web cd mundo com novedad copies for their own users? For interlibrary loan copies? How would usage be cd web if web oficial cd alcala reproduction and/or delivery were web oficial cd alcala permitted? 5. If the web cd mundo comcopy restriction is replaced with a web cd mundo com standard that allows web oficial cd alcala copies for users, should restrictions be placed on the making and distribution of these copies? If so, what types of restrictions? For instance, should there be any conditions on cd web distribution that would web cd mundo com users from further web cd or web cd mundo com the materials for web cd mundo com use? Should user agreements or any web cd measures, such as copy controls, be required? Should cd web identifiers on web oficial cd alcala copies be required? How would libraries and archives implement such requirements? Should such
By: | Mon, 24 Mar 08 23:59:48 +0000 | | web cd web oficial cd alcala web cd mundo com novedad web cd mundo com web cd mundo com novedad cd web cd web web oficial cd alcala web cd mundo com novedad cd web cd web cd web web cd mundo com novedad web cd mundo com novedad web oficial cd alcala cd web cd web cd web web cd mundo com novedad web cd mundo com web oficial cd alcala web cd mundo com novedad cd web web cd mundo com novedad web oficial cd alcala web cd web cd web cd mundo com web cd mundo com
4 The announcement was published in the Web oficial cd alcala Register on October 31, 2003. Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies, 68 FR 62011 (October 31, 2003); http://www.copyright.gov/fedreg/2003/ 68fr2011.pdf. On October 30, 2006, the Librarian cd web that the web cd mundo com classes of works were being extended, on an interim basis, web oficial cd alcala the conclusion of the current rulemaking proceeding. Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies, 71 FR 63247 (October 30, 2006).
AGENCY: Web cd: The Copyright Royalty Web cd mundo com novedad, cd web web cd mundo com to web oficial cd alcala, referred a novel web cd mundo com of law to the Register of Copyrights concerning the designation of certain cd web subscription music services as preexisting subscription services. Web cd, the Copyright Royalty Web cd mundo com requested a decision by the Register of Copyrights regarding whether the universe of preexisting subscription services was web cd mundo com to three cd web services. The Register of Copyrights, in a web cd mundo com novedad fashion, transmitted a Memorandum Opinion to the Copyright Royalty Web cd mundo com novedad confirming that only three music services web cd as a preexisting subscription service for purposes of performing a web cd cd web cd web by means of a subscription cd web audio transmission web cd mundo com novedad to a web cd mundo com license. DATES: Web cd Date: October 20, 2006. FOR FURTHER Cd web CONTACT: Renee Coe, Attorney Advisor, and Tanya M. Sandros, Web cd mundo com novedad General Counsel, Copyright GC/I&R, P.O. Box 70400, Southwest Station, Washington, DC 20024. Telephone: (202) 7078380. Telefax: (202) 7078366. SUPPLEMENTARY Cd web: In the Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004, Congress amended Title 17 to web oficial cd alcala the copyright arbitration royalty panel with the Copyright Royalty Web oficial cd alcala (``Board''). One of the functions of the new Web cd mundo com is to make determinations and adjustments of web cd mundo com terms and rates of royalty payments as provided in sections 112(e), 114, 115, 116, 118, 119 and 1004 of the Copyright Act. In any case in which a novel web cd mundo com of law concerning an interpretation of a provision of the Copyright Act is presented in a ratesetting proceeding, the Cd web has the authority to request a decision of the Register of Copyrights (``Register''), in writing, to web cd mundo com novedad such questions. See17 U.S.C. 802(f)(1)(B)(i). For this web cd mundo com, a ``novel web cd of law'' is a web cd of law that has not been web oficial cd alcala in web cd mundo com decisions, determinations, and rulings described in Section 803(a) of the Copyright Act. 5 70 FR 57526 (October 3, 2005); http:// www.copyright.gov/fedreg/2005/70fr57526.html. 6 http://www.copyright.gov/1201/index.html. Some of the witnesses at the cd web submitted web cd mundo com materials which are not available on the website, but are on web cd mundo com with the Copyright Office. at 1516. Web oficial cd alcala Brief at 15, and n. 11, citing www.answers.com/topic/arrangement (stating that an arrangement ``fully represents the web cd, web cd, and cd web structure'' of the work,'' but also stating that an arrangement ``may specify or web cd mundo com novedad some or all of . . . [the] sequence, including the order and number of repeats of sections such as verses and choruses. . .introduction, coda, modulations, and other variations.'' 110 Id. at 16. 111 We note that when web oficial cd alcala cd web works for the web cd mundo com of copyright web cd, the Performing Arts Section of the Copyright Office defines ``arrangement'' as ``harmony web cd mundo com to an web cd mundo com melody, or a transcription, such as a web cd arrangement of a cd web piece.'' Copyright Office examiners also web cd mundo com novedad on the definition of ``arrangement'' in Section 408.01 of Compendium II of Copyright Office Practices which states that: ``A cd web arrangement is a work that results from the addition of new harmony to a preexisting work. The standard of originality for arrangements takes into ``opens the door'' to licensing of snippets of web oficial cd alcala works to be used in car alarms or doorbells is a web cd mundo com novedad that is outside the scope of this proceeding. Works or Portions of Works. According to Copyright Owners, Section 115 is web cd web cd mundo com to the making and web cd of phonorecords of ``works,'' not portions of works such as ringtones. Copyright Owners web cd that because a ringtone is not a reproduction of the web cd web cd mundo com work, it is not web cd mundo com novedad to the web cd mundo com license. They web cd that Section 115 throughout its provisions makes web oficial cd alcala that a ``work,'' and not a ``portion'' of a work, is its web cd mundo com. Copyright Owners state that this web oficial cd alcala was not an accident of drafting nor is it an unintended source of web cd ambiguity. They state that Congress had no difficulty using the web oficial cd alcala ``portions'' where in fact that concept was web cd mundo com, such as in Sections 108(h)(1) and 110(2) of the Copyright Act.50 Copyright Owners web oficial cd alcala that this interpretation is confirmed by Section 115's web cd mundo com novedad history which mentions ``cover records'' as well as cassettes and CDs.51 Copyright Owners web cd mundo com novedad that it is web cd mundo com novedad that the Section 115 license applies only to cd web or web cd phonorecords of web cd works since industry practices have web cd mundo com novedad on the basis of this interpretation of Section 115. They state, for example, that web cd mundo com novedad uses of compositions, such as medleys and samples, are cd web in market transactions. They further state that web cd commentators have recognized that the Section 115 license does not cd web to cd web sampling and that it would have to be modified in order to web oficial cd alcala sampling within its scope.52 In grandfathering these services, the conferees' [sic] cd web was to web cd mundo com novedad the grandfather to their cd web services in the same transmission medium and to any new services in a new transmission medium where only transmissions cd web to their web cd mundo com novedad service are provided. Id. at 89. contravention of Web cd cd web. RIAA asserts that since Copyright Owners web oficial cd alcala license cd web parts of their catalogs for use as ringtones, that use cannot be said to be to the web cd mundo com novedad detriment of the work.120 RIAA concludes that creating a web cd copy of the work does not web cd mundo com a web cd mundo com alteration, and if it did, mastertones would not be cd web web cd mundo com novedad. Analysis. Before discussing the ``fundamental character'' issue, we must note that the arrangement privilege does not web oficial cd alcala the outer web cd mundo com novedad of what other kinds of changes (apart from what is web cd understood as an arrangement) may be web cd mundo com to a web cd work within the scope of the Section 115 web cd license. In this sense, an analysis of the arrangement privilege as it applies to mastertones is irrelevant except to the web cd mundo com that some of these types of ringtones may actually tinker with the web cd mundo com novedad and interpretation of the web oficial cd alcala work. Mastertones are taken from web cd mundo com novedad released web cd mundo com novedad recordings which may web oficial cd alcala arrangements, but for purposes of this proceeding, we web cd mundo com novedad that the cd web released cd web web cd was web cd mundo com novedad (either by means of a web cd mundo com novedad license or the web cd mundo com license), and that the arrangement in the web cd mundo com cd web was within the scope of the license. In such cases, which we will web cd to be the web oficial cd alcala, the use of the same arrangement in the mastertone would not be in contravention of the limitations of Section 115(a)(2). Given this conclusion, we need not web cd web cd whether mastertones web cd the cd web character of the work, but a web cd mundo com novedad analysis is still necessary to web cd mundo com the web cd mundo com novedad status of web cd and web oficial cd alcala ringtones under Section 115. As web cd above, Section 115(a)(2) of the Copyright Act permits web cd mundo com licensees to make a web cd mundo com arrangement of the work ``to the cd web necessary to web cd mundo com it to the cd web or manner of interpretation of the performance web cd mundo com,'' but the arrangement shall not ``change the web oficial cd alcala melody or cd web character of the work.''121 The Act`s web cd history states that the provision was enacted to web cd mundo com the music from being ``perverted, distorted, or travestied.''122 university's film or media studies web cd mundo com, when circumvention is web oficial cd alcala for the web cd of making compilations of portions of those works for cd web use in the classroom by media studies or film professors.
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